During design, development, and performance evaluation of an aerospace vehicle, vehicle drag is estimated to : determine flight characteristics, such as range, endurance, maneuverability. Propulsion system sizing. Effect of payload/carriage of aircraft performance. The design life-cycle majorly consists of three phases,(i) conceptual, (ii) preliminary, and (iii)critical design phases.
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Aerodynamic Flows : Classification
In the aerodynamic study, the vehicle is subjected to several types of flows. The major flow classification are as follows: Continuum and Non-Continuum flows Steady and Unsteady flows Uniform and Non-uniform flows Incompressible and compressible flows Inviscid and Viscous flows Laminar and Turbulent flows Mach No. flow regimes (a) Very-low speed Subsonic (b) Subsonic (c)…
Bird Flight – Extreme Aerodynamics
Downwash & Induced Drag The flow pattern at the tip of the finite wing generates a vortical flow field. The trailing vortices create a ‘downwash’ at the wing that rotates the freestream velocity downwards vectorially. These vortices make the resultant lift force vector rotate backward, which gives rise to a force that is in the…
Steady vs. Unsteady state CFD analysis
In nature, almost all turbulent flows are invariably ‘unsteady‘. What is prescribed as ‘steady‘ is the statistical averaged variable, provided that the flow has an energy equilibrium condition. In such cases, one correct formulation is the steady RANS. Other pure unsteady statistical formulations exist, such as unsteady RANS (URANS). In a specific flow problem, viz. flow around a…